%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
%% BibTeX style for: Acta Medica (Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine), e-ISSN 2147-9488
%% Vancouver-based numeric style. Maintained by Akdema Informatics and Publishing.
%% Version 2026-09-14
%%
%% Usage
%%   \bibliographystyle{ActaMedica}
%%   \bibliography{yourrefs}
%%   \usepackage{cite}   % numeric citations in square brackets, e.g. [1,3-5]
%%   Place citations before punctuation: ... outcomes \cite{a,b}.
%%   \usepackage{url}    % required for DOI and URL links
%%
%% Rules
%%   1-6 authors: all listed; 7 or more: first 3 followed by "et al."
%%   Journal names: store the NLM abbreviation without periods in "journal",
%%     e.g. journal = {Hear Res}
%%   Young JS, Upchurch MB, Kaufman MJ, Fechter LD. Title. Hear Res. 1987;26(1):37-43.
%%   Early view: leave "volume" empty -> Year:Pages. Epub ahead of print.
%%   DOI: store the bare DOI in "doi" (e.g. 10.1000/xyz); printed as https://doi.org/...
%%   Websites: @misc or @online with url and urldate = {September 14, 2026}
%%   Series: @techreport with series and number
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
  { address author booktitle doi edition editor howpublished institution
    journal note number organization pages publisher school series title
    type url urldate volume year }
  {}
  { label }

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames i len }
STRINGS { s t u out }

FUNCTION {not} { { #0 } { #1 } if$ }
FUNCTION {and} { 'skip$ { pop$ #0 } if$ }
FUNCTION {or} { { pop$ #1 } 'skip$ if$ }

%% Names: "Young JS, Upchurch MB"; 7 or more names -> first 3, et al.
FUNCTION {format.namelist}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #6 >
    { #3 'namesleft := }
    { numnames 'namesleft := }
  if$
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  { nameptr namesleft > not }
  { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{ f{}}{ jj}" format.name$ 't :=
    t "others" =
      { ", et al." * }
      { nameptr #1 >
          { ", " * t * }
          { t * }
        if$
      }
    if$
    nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
  }
  while$
  numnames #6 >
    { ", et al." * }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$ { "" } { author format.namelist } if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.namelist
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { ", editors" * }
        { ", editor" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%% Split "a-b" or "a--b" into t (first) and u (second); i > len if no hyphen.
FUNCTION {split.pages}
{ 's :=
  s text.length$ 'len :=
  "" 't :=
  "" 'u :=
  #1 'i :=
  { i len > not { s i #1 substring$ "-" = not } { #0 } if$ }
  { t s i #1 substring$ * 't :=
    i #1 + 'i :=
  }
  while$
  { i len > not { s i #1 substring$ "-" = } { #0 } if$ }
  { i #1 + 'i := }
  while$
  i len > not
    { s i len i - #1 + substring$ 'u := }
    'skip$
  if$
}

%% Expanded page range with a single hyphen: 1259-1271
FUNCTION {expanded.pages}
{ split.pages
  u empty$ { t } { t "-" * u * } if$
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$ { "" } { pages expanded.pages } if$ }

%% Edition: 7 -> "7th ed."
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { edition text.length$ 'len :=
      edition len #1 substring$ 's :=
      len #1 >
        { edition len #1 - #1 substring$ "1" = }
        { #0 }
      if$
        { edition "th ed." * }
        { s "1" =
            { edition "st ed." * }
            { s "2" =
                { edition "nd ed." * }
                { s "3" =
                    { edition "rd ed." * }
                    { s "0" = s "4" = or s "5" = or s "6" = or s "7" = or s "8" = or s "9" = or
                        { edition "th ed." * }
                        { edition " ed." * }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%% Publisher block: Place: Publisher; Year
FUNCTION {format.publisher.year}
{ 's :=
  ""
  address empty$ 'skip$ { address ": " * * } if$
  s empty$ 'skip$ { s * } if$
  year empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$ { year * } { "; " * year * } if$ }
  if$
}

%% Append a block to "out", closing the previous block with a period.
FUNCTION {add.block}
{ 's :=
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { out empty$
        { s 'out := }
        { out add.period$ " " * s * 'out := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem{" cite$ * "}" * write$ newline$
  "" 'out :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ out add.period$
  doi empty$ 'skip$ { " \url{https://doi.org/" * doi * "}" * } if$
  write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors add.block
  title add.block
  volume empty$
    { year pages empty$ 'skip$ { ":" * format.pages * } if$
      ". Epub ahead of print" *
    }
    { year ";" * volume *
      number empty$ 'skip$ { "(" * number * ")" * } if$
      pages empty$ 'skip$ { ":" * format.pages * } if$
    }
  if$
  'u :=
  journal empty$ { u } { journal ". " * u * } if$
  add.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$ { format.editors } { format.authors } if$ add.block
  title add.block
  format.edition add.block
  publisher format.publisher.year add.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors add.block
  title add.block
  editor empty$ 'skip$ { "In: " format.editors * add.block } if$
  booktitle add.block
  format.edition add.block
  publisher format.publisher.year
  pages empty$ 'skip$ { ":" * format.pages * } if$
  add.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection} { inbook }
FUNCTION {inproceedings} { inbook }
FUNCTION {conference} { inbook }

FUNCTION {thesis.with}
{ 'u :=
  output.bibitem
  format.authors add.block
  title type empty$ { " [" u * "]" * } { " [" type * "]" * } if$ * add.block
  school empty$ { publisher } { school } if$ format.publisher.year add.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis} { "dissertation" thesis.with }
FUNCTION {mastersthesis} { "master's thesis" thesis.with }

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$ { institution } { format.authors } if$ add.block
  title add.block
  institution empty$ { publisher } { institution } if$ format.publisher.year add.block
  series empty$
    { number empty$ 'skip$ { "Report No.: " number * add.block } if$ }
    'skip$
  if$
  %% NLM: series in parentheses after the date, e.g. (WHO technical report series; 894).
  series empty$
    'skip$
    { out add.period$ " (" * series *
      number empty$ 'skip$ { "; " * number * } if$
      ")" * 'out :=
    }
  if$
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$ { organization } { format.authors } if$ add.block
  title add.block
  year add.block
  howpublished empty$
    { url empty$
        'skip$
        { "Available at: \url{" url * "}" *
          urldate empty$ 'skip$ { " (Accessed on " * urldate * ")" * } if$
          add.block
        }
      if$
    }
    { howpublished add.block }
  if$
  note add.block
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {online} { misc }
FUNCTION {manual} { book }
FUNCTION {booklet} { book }
FUNCTION {unpublished} { misc }
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}  MACRO {feb} {"February"} MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}    MACRO {may} {"May"}      MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}     MACRO {aug} {"August"}   MACRO {sep} {"September"}
MACRO {oct} {"October"}  MACRO {nov} {"November"} MACRO {dec} {"December"}

READ

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$ 'skip$ { preamble$ write$ newline$ } if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{99}" write$ newline$
}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}
ITERATE {call.type$}
EXECUTE {end.bib}